Water Density and Viscosity Table
Density, dynamic and kinematic viscosity and specific heat of liquid water, 0.01 to 100 °C. Computed with IAPWS IF97 and the IAPWS 2008 viscosity formulation.
For reference. Verify the applicable standard and manufacturer data before sizing pumps, pipes and heat exchangers.
Dimension drawing and symbols
- T
- Temperature °C
- ρ
- Density kg/m³
- μ
- Dynamic viscosity mPa·s
- ν
- Kinematic viscosity mm²/s
- cp
- Specific heat (constant pressure) kJ/(kg·K)
Columns
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Visible rows: 21
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| Ttemperature°C | ρdensitykg/m³ | μdynamic viscositymPa·s | νkinematic viscositymm²/s | cpspecific heatkJ/(kg·K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.01 | 999.79 | 1.7914 | 1.7917 | 4.2199 |
| 5 | 999.92 | 1.5183 | 1.5184 | 4.2054 |
| 10 | 999.65 | 1.3060 | 1.3064 | 4.1958 |
| 15 | 999.05 | 1.1376 | 1.1387 | 4.1894 |
| 20 | 998.16 | 1.0016 | 1.0035 | 4.1851 |
| 25 | 997.00 | 0.8900 | 0.8927 | 4.1822 |
| 30 | 995.61 | 0.7972 | 0.8007 | 4.1803 |
| 35 | 994.00 | 0.7191 | 0.7235 | 4.1792 |
| 40 | 992.18 | 0.6527 | 0.6579 | 4.1788 |
| 45 | 990.18 | 0.5958 | 0.6017 | 4.1790 |
| 50 | 988.01 | 0.5465 | 0.5531 | 4.1798 |
| 55 | 985.67 | 0.5036 | 0.5109 | 4.1811 |
| 60 | 983.18 | 0.4660 | 0.4740 | 4.1829 |
| 65 | 980.53 | 0.4329 | 0.4415 | 4.1853 |
| 70 | 977.75 | 0.4035 | 0.4127 | 4.1882 |
| 75 | 974.83 | 0.3774 | 0.3872 | 4.1917 |
| 80 | 971.78 | 0.3540 | 0.3643 | 4.1956 |
| 85 | 968.60 | 0.3331 | 0.3439 | 4.2001 |
| 90 | 965.30 | 0.3142 | 0.3255 | 4.2051 |
| 95 | 961.89 | 0.2971 | 0.3089 | 4.2106 |
| 100 | 958.35 | 0.2816 | 0.2938 | 4.2166 |
Quick answers
- Water at 0.01 °C has a density of 999.79 kg/m³, a dynamic viscosity of 1.7914 mPa·s, a kinematic viscosity of 1.7917 mm²/s and a specific heat of 4.2199 kJ/(kg·K). View in table
- Water at 10 °C has a density of 999.65 kg/m³, a dynamic viscosity of 1.306 mPa·s, a kinematic viscosity of 1.3064 mm²/s and a specific heat of 4.1958 kJ/(kg·K). View in table
- Water at 20 °C has a density of 998.16 kg/m³, a dynamic viscosity of 1.0016 mPa·s, a kinematic viscosity of 1.0035 mm²/s and a specific heat of 4.1851 kJ/(kg·K). View in table
- Water at 40 °C has a density of 992.18 kg/m³, a dynamic viscosity of 0.6527 mPa·s, a kinematic viscosity of 0.6579 mm²/s and a specific heat of 4.1788 kJ/(kg·K). View in table
- Water at 60 °C has a density of 983.18 kg/m³, a dynamic viscosity of 0.466 mPa·s, a kinematic viscosity of 0.474 mm²/s and a specific heat of 4.1829 kJ/(kg·K). View in table
- Water at 80 °C has a density of 971.78 kg/m³, a dynamic viscosity of 0.354 mPa·s, a kinematic viscosity of 0.3643 mm²/s and a specific heat of 4.1956 kJ/(kg·K). View in table
- Water at 100 °C has a density of 958.35 kg/m³, a dynamic viscosity of 0.2816 mPa·s, a kinematic viscosity of 0.2938 mm²/s and a specific heat of 4.2166 kJ/(kg·K). View in table
Conditions and notes
Liquid water at the saturation pressure of each temperature. Density and specific heat from IAPWS IF97, viscosity from the IAPWS 2008 formulation with critical enhancement factor 1.
- Each row gives liquid water at the saturation pressure of that temperature. Liquid water properties change very little with pressure: using 1.01325 bar instead of the saturation pressure changes density by at most 0.006 percent, specific heat by at most 0.012 percent and dynamic viscosity by at most 0.013 percent.
- Kinematic viscosity ν is dynamic viscosity μ divided by density ρ. A value of 1 mPa·s equals 1 cP and a value of 1 mm²/s equals 1 cSt.
- The uncertainty of the IAPWS 2008 viscosity formulation is stated as 0.17 percent at 20 °C and atmospheric pressure. At other temperatures the uncertainty can be larger.
- Density and specific heat come from the IAPWS IF97 equations. Compared with the IAPWS 95 equation developed for scientific use, the density difference is below 0.002 percent and the specific heat difference below 0.06 percent.
The table gives the density, dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity and specific heat at constant pressure of liquid water from 0.01 to 100 °C. The water in each row is at the saturation pressure of that temperature (saturated liquid): about 611.657 Pa at the triple point (0.01 °C) and about 1.014 bar absolute at 100 °C. The density and viscosity of liquid water change very little with pressure, so the values are practically the same at atmospheric pressure. Density and specific heat are computed from the IAPWS IF97 equations and dynamic viscosity from the IAPWS 2008 viscosity formulation (R12). Kinematic viscosity is dynamic viscosity divided by density. The critical enhancement factor of the viscosity is taken as 1, which has no effect in this temperature range. Between 0.01 °C and 100 °C density falls by about 4 percent while dynamic viscosity decreases by more than a factor of six.
Sources
This table is for preliminary reference. Check the applicable standard and product conditions before use.
- Source 1. R7/97(2012). Accessed: 2026-10-16
- Source 2. R12/08. Accessed: 2026-10-16
- Source 3. SRD 69. Accessed: 2026-10-16
- Source 4. NISTIR 5078:1998. Accessed: 2026-10-16
Data version: 2026-10-16